******************************************************************************** 以太币 ******************************************************************************** 什么是以太币 ================================================================================ 以太币是以太坊中货币的名称,它被用来支付以太坊虚拟机(EVM)计算的费用,它不是被直接消耗掉而是间接的通过购买gas来实现的。 面额 -------------------------------------------------------- 以太坊有一套专门用于以太币面额的度量系统,每种面额都有自己特定的名字(一些来自于计算机科学,一些来自于加密货币)。最小的面额也就是基础单位被称为:Wei。下面是所有面额的列表和价值,通常情况下,ether也被认为是以太币的单位(1e18wei),但是以太坊(Ethereum)不是货币单位,也不是货币。 +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | Unit | Wei Value | Wei | +=========================+===========+===========================================+ | **wei** | 1 wei | 1 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | **Kwei (babbage)** | 1e3 wei | 1,000 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | **Mwei (lovelace)** | 1e6 wei | 1,000,000 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | **Gwei (shannon)** | 1e9 wei | 1,000,000,000 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | **microether (szabo)** | 1e12 wei | 1,000,000,000,000 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | **milliether (finney)** | 1e15 wei | 1,000,000,000,000,000 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | **ether** | 1e18 wei | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 以太币相关 ========================= * https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/04/10/the-issuance-model-in-ethereum/ * https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/44zy88/clarification_on_ether_supply_and_cost_of_gas/ * https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/45vj4g/question_about_scarcity_of_ethereum_and_its/ * https://www.reddit.com/r/ethtrader/comments/48yqg6/is_there_a_cap_like_with_btc_with_how_many_ether/ 获取以太币 ================================================================================ 为了获取以太币,你需要: * 成为以太坊矿工 (查看 _`Mining`) 或 * 通过第三方担保和持有以太币的人进行交易 * 使用用户友好的 `以太坊GUI钱包Mist `_ 第六个测试版引入的以太币购买功能http://shapeshift.io/ API。 去信任化服务 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 以太坊平台的智能合约可以实现去信任化的货币交换服务,而无需依赖被信任的第三方担保。例如:实现无中间人担保的货币交换业务。 类似的项目有(写这篇文档时还处于alpha测试阶段): * `BTCrelay `_ * `More information `_ (about ETH/BTC 2-way peg without modifying bitcoin code). * `BTCrelay audit `_ * `EtherEx decentralised exchange `_. 列举出第三方交易市场: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ========================== ============================ Exchange Currencies ========================== ============================ Poloniex BTC Kraken BTC, USD, EUR, CAD, GBP Gatecoin BTC, EUR Bitfinex BTC, USD Bittrex BTC Bluetrade BTC, LTC, DOGE HitBTC BTC Livecoin BTC Coinsquare BTC Bittylicious GBP BTER CNY Yunbi CNY Metaexchange BTC ========================== ============================ 第三方固定费率交易市场 ----------------------------------- ========================== ============================ Exchange Currencies ========================== ============================ `Shapeshift`_ BTC, LTC, DOGE, Other `Bity`_ BTC, USD, EUR, CHF ========================== ============================ .. _Bity: https://bity.com .. _Shapeshift: shapeshift.io 交易和价格分析 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * `ETH markets exhaustive listing by volume on coinmarketcap `_ * Aggregating realtime stats of major ETH markets: * `Tradeblock `_ * `EthereumWisdom `_ * `Cryptocompare `_ * `Coinmarketcap `_ .. _online-wallets-and-storage-solutions: 在线钱包、纸质钱包、冷存储 ================================================================================ * Mist Ethereum Wallet * `Releases to download `_ * `Mist Ethereum Wallet developer preview `_ - foundation blog post * `How to easily set up the Ethereum Mist wallet! `_ - Tutorial by Tommy Economics * Kryptokit Jaxx * `Jaxx main site `_ * `Mobile release `_ * Etherwall * `Etherwall website `_ * `Etherwall source `_ * MyEtherWallet * `MyEtherWallet website `_ * `MyEtherWallet source `_ * `Chrome extension `_ * Cold storage * `Icebox `_ by `ConsenSys `_ - Cold storage based on lightwallet with HD wallet library integrated. * `Reddit discussion 1 `_ * `How to setup a cold storage wallet `_ * Hardware wallet * `reddit discussion 2 `_ * `reddit discussion 3 `_ * Brain wallet * brain wallets are not safe, do not use them. https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/45y8m7/brain_wallets_are_now_generally_shunned_by/ * Extreme caution with brain wallets. Read the recent controversy: https://reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/43fhb5/brainwallets vs http://blog.ether.camp/post/138376049438/why-brain-wallet-is-the-best * Misc * `Kraken Wallet Sweeper Tool `_ - Pre-sale wallet import * `Recommended ways to safely store ether `_ * `How to buy and store ether `_ * `A laymen's intro into brute forcing and why not to use brain wallets `_ * `Pyethsaletool `_ * `Account vs wallet `_ 发送以太币 ================================================================================ `以太坊Mist钱包 `_ 支持图形界面来发送以太币。 以太币也可以通过geth命令行的形式进行转移。 .. code-block:: console > var sender = eth.accounts[0]; > var receiver = eth.accounts[1]; > var amount = web3.toWei(0.01, "ether") > eth.sendTransaction({from:sender, to:receiver, value: amount}) 以太币转移更详细的信息,请参考: :ref:`account-types-gas-and-transactions` 。 以太坊在加密货币领域的独特之处在于,运行过程需要加密燃料,我们通常叫做“gas”,不仅仅作为交易费,每一次网络请求或者发送者支付网络计算资源都需要使用gas,gas的消耗是动态计算的,用计算的任务量乘以当前gas的价格得到。作为加密燃料,它有着稳定以太坊网络稳定性的长期作用。更多相关的内容请参考: :ref:`account-types-gas-and-transactions` 。 以太币和gas ============================= * https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/271qdz/can_someone_explain_the_concept_of_gas_in_ethereum/ * https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/3fnpr1/can_someone_possibly_explain_the_concept_of/ * https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/49gol3/can_ether_be_used_as_a_currency_eli5_ether_gas/ Gas被设计成通过固定数目来使用网络资源/工具,你想要每次发起一笔交易都花费价值相同的gas,那么你肯定不希望gas像货币一样被发行,因为货币总是有着不稳定的价格。 作为替代,我们发行了价格随市场波动的以太币,同时实现了一个Gas价格的概念,让Gas可以和以太币进行换算,如果以太币价格走高,那么Gas价格换算就会降低,以此来保证gas价值的稳定。 Gas有着多种相关的术语:Gas价格、Gas消耗、Gas供给上限和Gas费。Gas背后的原则就是为了以太坊网络交易和计算的花费保持在一个稳定的水平上。 * 在Gas的概念中,每一种计算所消耗的Gas数量是恒定的,设计的意图就是为了保证随着时间的推移,同一个操作所消耗的gas是保持不变的。 * Gas价格是用另一种货币来换算的,例如以太币。为了稳定gas消耗掉的实际价值,gas价格就需要随着兑换货币的价格灵活调整。gas价格是由用户愿意承担的出价和节点愿意接受的报价动态调整。 * Gas供给上限是指每个区块所能使用gas数量的最大值,它受最大计算负荷、交易总量、区块的大小和矿工的影响,随着时间慢慢的变化。 * Gas费是一个特定的交易或程序(被成为合约)执行成功需要的gas总数量。gas费受到计算负载、交易总量、区块大小等因素影响。gas费被支付给矿工。