常见问题解答

问题列表

以太坊是什么?

以太坊是一个由被称为以太币的电子加密货币支撑的去中心化的智能合约平台。一个比较好的开始就是去 “以太坊是什么?” 的页面查看详细信息。

我听说过以太坊,但是Geth、Mist、Ethminer、Mix分别都是什么?

  • Geth: 这是一个Go语言实现的以太坊节点,同时也是任何与以太坊区块链交互的基础,在本地运行它可以让你方便地与以太坊区块链进行互动,了解更多请查看: geth生成说明
  • Mist: 相当于一个web浏览器,但是它是以太坊的平台。它也是一个图形化的帐号和合约的交互界面,它允许你完全不用任何命令来实现和智能合约的图形界面进行交互,如果你不是一个开发人员,或者仅仅想存储以太币,或者与以太坊合约进行交互,那么Mist就是为你量身定做的,可以从这里查看下载信息:Mist下载
  • Ethminer: 一个独立的矿工(程序),它可以用来挖矿或检测挖矿设置。它可以配合eth、geth、pyethereum一起使用,请点击 挖矿 页面查看更多信息。
  • Mix: 为DApp的开发者准备的完整开发环境,在以太坊平台上快速开发和调试去中心化应用程序。更多信息可以查看: Mix GitHub 页面

怎样在区块链上存储大文件?

通常情况下,由于昂贵的存储费用,你可能不会在以太坊的区块链上存储大文件或数据片段。你需要采用第三方的存储,例如:Swarm或IPFS。Swarm是一个以太坊指定的用来分发文件的项目。IPFS是一个与以太坊关系密切的非以太坊项目,它可以独立使用,也可以作为Swarm的未来扩展。更多信息请查看:this Ethereum StackExchange post on the topic

以太坊是基于比特币的吗?

仅仅在区块链这个意义上,比特币是先驱者。以太坊拥有一条不同于比特币的区块链,这条区块链服务于几项意义重大的技术。详细的描述请查看: this Ethereum StackExchange answer

以太币的未来是什么?

以太坊开发者计划将工作量证明一致性模型切换为股权证明一致性模型,还在解决在以太坊区块链上存储秘密的解决方案。

账户(account)和钱包合约(wallet contract)的不同点在哪里?

账户是一个存储公钥/私钥对的文件,可以在区块链中识别你的唯一身份。请在术语表中查看“账户”这个词。“钱包合约”是一个以太坊智能合约,可以用一些特性来保护你的以太币和身份,这些特性诸如:多签名的验证、可编程的保证金提现限制等。可以使用以太坊Mist钱包来轻松创建钱包合约。

keyfiles文件只能由你下载客户端的电脑访问吗?

不是的,不仅没有这个限制,你还会被鼓励移动keyfiles到别的地方来提高安全性(也就是备份),但是需要记住你的keyfiles存放在什么位置。

下载区块链需要多长时间?

以太坊的区块链是一直增长的,在2016年3月时大小接近10GB,下载的总时间取决于你可以连接到的节点数目、你的网络下载速度和一些别动因素。请查看”download-the-blockchain-faster” 。

我如何获取某一个地址的交易信息?

你可以手动从区块链中获取这些信息,替代方案,你可以从第三方提供的的API去查询相关信息,例如: Etherchain

合约可以自己支付执行费用吗?

不会!这是不可能的!执行所消耗的gas只能由提交合约执行请求的地址中扣除。

合约可以调用另外一个合约吗?

可以。这个是可以的。请查看: 智能合约之间的交互

合约可以离线签名然后通过另一个在线设备提交吗?

可以。你可以查看 Icebox 获得相关的解决方案。

交易可以由第三方发起吗?(交易广播可以外包吗?)

技术上是可行的。签名交易上又一条重要的限制和比特币是相反的。在以太坊中,交易有一个nonce值(更准确的说,每一个账户都有一个计数器,每发起一次交易计数器就会增加1。如果一个帐号发起过3笔交易,那么帐号的nonce值就是3)。

以太坊合约可以从第三方API获取数据吗?

不可以。以太坊合约不能通过这种方式从外部获取数据 No, Ethereum contracts cannot pull data from external information sources in this way. It is however possible to push data from external sites (e.g. weather sites, stock prices) to Ethereum contracts through transactions. There are “oracle” services that are compatible with the Ethereum network that will pull/push data to the Ethereum network for a fee.

通过以太坊网络发送的合约和数据是经过加密的吗?

Data and contracts on the Ethereum network are encoded, but not encrypted. Everyone can audit the behavior of the contracts and the data sent to them. However, you are always free to encrypt data locally before broadcasting it to the network.

我可以使用以太坊网络来存储我的秘密或密码吗?

All data on Ethereum is public. It is not possible to store secrets or passwords in Ethereum contracts without it being seen by all. There is work being done to make this a possibility through code obfuscation and other techniques. A good read would be “Privacy on the Blockchain” by Vitalik Buterin.

以太坊如何应对中心化的矿池?

There are two primary ways that the Ethereum PoW based consensus algorithm combats mining centralisation (Source).

  • The first is by reducing losses due to orphaned blocks, which independent miners are more likely to experience.
    • This portion of the Ethereum mining algorithm, a technique referred to as GHOST, includes the headers only of recently orphaned blocks in return for a reduced reward to both the block producer and the includer of the (otherwise orphaned) block. These included orphans from “grandparent” or earlier blocks are frequently referred to as “uncle” blocks because the gender neutral term “ommer” isn’t widely known or understood.
  • The second way that the Ethereum PoW consensus algorithm combats mining centralisation is by its use of a Proof of Work function that is ASIC resistant.
    • By preventing mining from becoming dominated by specially designed and produced hardware, independent miners are kept competitive or even given an advantage in terms of their profits and/or levels of hardware investment, because they can make use of readily available commodity hardware (i.e. consumer graphics cards).

以太坊如何应对不断增长的区块大小?

There are many discussions around blockchain scalability. This questioned has been partially answered on this Ethereum StackExchange post and this blog post from Vitalik Buterin.

以太坊网络如何实现每秒10000+的吞吐量?

Ethereum is planning on implementing a proof-of-stake consensus protocol change during the Serenity phase of their development roadmap. More information on the likely Ethereum PoS candidate and how it may increase transactions-per-second can be found here.